Scientific Facts In The Holy Quran

Scientific facts in the Quran is not presented here with the intention to prove that the Holy Quran is the book of science but it does contain scientific facts that have only been discovered recently through the advancement of technology and scientific knowledge. Islam encourages reflection and scientific research because understanding the nature of creation enables people to further appreciate their Creator and the extent of His power and wisdom. 

Scientific Miracles Of The Quran

The Quran was revealed at a time when Science was primitive; there were no telescopes, microscopes or anything close to today's technology. People believed that the sun orbited the earth and the sky was held up by pillars at the corners of a flat earth. Against this backdrop the Quran was revealed, containing many scientific facts on topics ranging from astronomy to biology, geology to zoology. 
Some of the many scientific facts found in the Quran include:

Scientific Fact #01: Origin Of Life

And We (God) made every living thing from water. Will they not believe?" (Quran 21:30) 

Water is pointed out as the origin of all life. All living things are made of cells and we now know that cells are mostly made of water. This was discovered only after the invention of the microscope. In the deserts of Arabia, it would be inconceivable to think that someone would have guessed that all life came from water.
We have another post detailing the origin of life according to Quran inline with the scientific facts. Read it here: Quran On Origin Of Living Thing.

Scientific Fact #02: Human Embryonic Development

God speaks about the stages of man's embryonic development: 

We (God) created man from an extract of clay. Then We made him as a drop in a place of settlement, firmly fixed. Then We made the drop into an alaqah [leech, suspended thing, and blood clot], then We made the alaqah into a mudghah [chewed substance]..." (Quran, 23:12-14)

 Th Arabic word "alaqah" has three meanings: a leech, a suspended thing and a blood clot. "Mudghah" means a chewed substance. Embryology scientists have observed that the usage of these terms in describing the formation of the embryo is accurate and in conformity with our current scientific understanding of the development process.   
Little was known about the staging and classification of human embryos until the twentieth century, which means that the descriptions of the human embryo in the Quran cannot be based on scientific knowledge from the seventh century.

Scientific Fact #03: Expansion Of The Universe

At a time when the science of Astronomy was still primitive, the following verse in the Quran was revealed:

And the heaven We (God) constructed with strength, and indeed, We (God) are [its] expander." (Quran 51:47)

One of the intended meanings of the above verse is that God is expanding the universe (i.e. heavens). Other meanings are that God provides for, and has power over, the universe - which are also true.   The fact that the universe is expanding (e.g. planets are moving further away from each other) was discovered in the last century. Physicist Stephen Hawking in his book 'A Brief History of Time' writes, "The discovery that the universe is expanding was one of the great intellectual revolutions of the twentieth century."   
The Quran alludes to the expansion of the universe even before the invention of the telescope!
Recommended post related to this topic: Quran On Big Bang Theory

Scientific Fact #04: Iron Sent Down

Iron is not natural to earth, as it came to this planet from outer space. Scientists have found that billions of years ago, the earth was struck by meteorites which were carrying iron from distant stars which had exploded. 

We sent down iron with its great inherent strength and its many benefits for humankind." (Quran 57:25)

God uses the words 'sent down'. The fact that iron was sent down to earth from outer space is something which could not be known by the primitive science of the seventh century.

Scientific Fact #05: Sky's Protection.

The sky plays a crucial role in protecting the earth and its inhabitants from the lethal rays of the sun, as well as the freezing cold of space. God asks us to consider the sky in the following verse: We (God) made the sky a protective ceiling. And yet they are turning away from Our signs!" [Quran 21:32]

The Quran points to the sky's protection as a sign of God, protective properties which were discovered by scientific research conducted in the twentieth century. 

Scientific Fact #06: Mountains

God draws our attention to an important characteristic of mountains: 

Did We not make the earth a resting place, and the mountains as stakes?" [Quran 78:6-7]

 The Quran accurately describes the deep roots of mountains by using the word "stakes". Mount Everest, for example, has an approximate height of 9km above ground, while its root is deeper than 125km! The fact that mountains have deep 'stake'-like roots was not known until after the development of the theory of plate tectonics in the beginning of the twentieth century. God also says in the Quran (16:15), that the mountains have a role in stabilising the earth "…so that it would not shake," which has just begun to be understood by scientists.

Taken From Islamic Pamphlets, However Some Modifications Has Been Done To Make It Simple.